Chronic hives, also known as chronic urticaria, is a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy welts that appear on the skin and persist or recur over a long period of time. These welts, commonly called hives, may come and go but are considered chronic when they last for six weeks or longer.
This article provides a clear, educational overview of what chronic hives is. It is intended for general information only and does not offer medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
Understanding Chronic Hives
Hives develop when certain cells in the skin release substances that cause small blood vessels to leak fluid into surrounding tissue. This leads to swelling, redness, and itching on the surface of the skin.
In chronic hives, this process happens repeatedly over time, often without a clear or consistent trigger. The skin may appear normal between flare-ups, even though the condition is ongoing.
What Chronic Hives Look and Feel Like
The appearance and sensation of chronic hives can vary from person to person and even from episode to episode.
Common features include:
- Raised, swollen welts on the skin
- Red, pink, or skin-colored patches
- Itching that can range from mild to intense
- Welts that change shape, size, or location
- Marks that fade within hours but are replaced by new ones
The welts themselves usually do not leave lasting marks once they disappear.
How Chronic Hives Differ From Acute Hives
Hives are often divided into acute and chronic forms based on how long they last.
Acute Hives
- Last less than six weeks
- Often linked to a specific trigger
- May resolve completely once the trigger is removed
Chronic Hives
- Persist or recur for six weeks or longer
- Triggers are often unclear or unknown
- Symptoms may appear daily or intermittently
The key distinction is duration rather than severity.
Common Patterns of Chronic Hives
Chronic hives often follow unpredictable patterns.
People may notice:
- Daily or near-daily flare-ups
- Symptoms that worsen at certain times of day
- Periods of improvement followed by return of hives
- Changes in intensity without obvious cause
Because patterns vary, chronic hives can feel frustrating or difficult to predict.
Possible Factors Associated With Chronic Hives
In many cases, the exact cause of chronic hives is not identified. However, several factors have been associated with the condition.
These may include:
- Immune system activity
- Physical factors such as pressure, heat, or cold
- Stress or emotional strain
- Underlying health conditions
- Sensitivity to certain substances
Not everyone with chronic hives shares the same contributing factors.
Areas of the Body Commonly Affected
Chronic hives can appear almost anywhere on the body.
Common locations include:
- Arms and legs
- Torso
- Face or neck
- Hands or feet
The welts may move from one area to another over the course of hours or days.
How Chronic Hives Can Affect Daily Life
While chronic hives are not dangerous in most cases, they can affect comfort and quality of life.
Potential impacts include:
- Disrupted sleep due to itching
- Increased attention to skin appearance
- Difficulty concentrating during flare-ups
- Emotional stress related to unpredictability
The effect on daily life depends on how often and how intensely symptoms occur.
Is Chronic Hives Contagious?
No. Chronic hives is not contagious and cannot be spread through contact. It is not caused by infection and does not pose a risk to others.
Can Chronic Hives Change Over Time?
Yes. Chronic hives may improve, worsen, or resolve over time. Some people experience symptoms for months or years before they gradually lessen or stop altogether, while others may notice recurring cycles.
Key Takeaways About Chronic Hives
- Chronic hives involve recurring itchy welts lasting six weeks or longer
- Welts often appear and disappear without leaving marks
- Triggers are frequently unknown
- Symptoms can fluctuate in intensity and frequency
- Experiences vary widely between individuals